Saturday, 2 February 2013

Documentary Initial Ideas/ Group meeting 1

As part of the documentary stand we need to create two films, the first is a 2 minute 'poetic' documentary to prepare us for our final film which is a 5-10 minute documentary film following on from that.


For this we have split into groups and my group is:

Myself - Director
Paul Manning - Producer
Luke Parker - Sound recordist/designer
Joe Bowles - Picture Editor
Jacob Waterall - Camera

These are our assigned roles which we will try and stick to for the most part but the person who's role is sound is not taking that as a skill but is still happy to do it as long as we all help him when needed so I feel we have a good well-rounded group.

On Thursday the 31st Jan we had our first meeting to discuss ideas, we wanted to do this asap as we know the difficult part is getting permission and then arranging times to film once you have decided on an idea so I thought it would be best to get a main idea chosen straight away and to find out if we can do it so if we can't do it for whatever reason we will also have a back-up or two in place which we will still have plenty of time to do.

On our Facebook I told everyone to think of ideas so then we could go round the group and here everyone's mini pitches at the meeting. After hearing everyone's we decided to write them down and then get everyone to choose their top 3 (not including their own idea) and we tallied them up at the end.
We had quite a range of ideas which was good, the ideas I came up with were:



  1. Tango Man - This is to be about a well known Sheffield Wednesday football fan who is famous for going to just about every match and taking his top off no matter what the weather. He seems to receive a lot of bad press for his 'banter' and hand gestures but I read something about the fact he looks after a mate in a wheel-chair and takes him along to the games with him and it made me think so -called football hooligans get a bad name for themselves when they get a bit lively and passionate and matches but who are the people behind all this hype. I thought it would be interesting to see his side of things and also see what he gets up to in every day live when he's not making a show of himself at football matches. What sparked this interest is I've had the pleasure of seeing him (and his hand gestures) first hand at a match and he seems like quite a colourful and fun character to find out about. The positives about doing this documentary are I think it would be quite fun to do and I feel that a lot of people would actually find it quite fun and interesting to watch as well whether they're into football or not. I also think it would be good to try and show someone that gets a lot negative press in a different light and I know this has not been done before - in terms of using this person. Negatives are obviously firstly we have to get his permission and if we get that we also need to get Sheffield Wednesday football grounds permission to film within the grounds and that of maybe a couple of his mates too. 
  2. Wildlife in Sheffield - Watching 'The Unnatural History of London' and 'Autumn/Spring Watch' Influenced me with this idea because I am really interested in animals and wildlife and I find it interesting the amount of animals that live in quite close proximity to us that many of us don't even realise. Especially in the Unnatural history of London there are so many different animals that most people probably didn't even know we had in this country but it also sheds new light on of some the most common animals like pigeons.  My idea for this documentary would be to do some research into areas in and around Sheffield that other people have documented to be good places to find wildlife and what sorts of wildlife you can find there. The positives about this subject are wildlife is becoming an increasingly popular thing with the general public and people are more interested in learning about there local wildlife as well. I also think it's a good thing for children to learn and understand about as well. The negatives are firstly animals are hard to capture at the best of times but if you aren't a very experienced crew with this sort of thing and don't have the right equipment, for example cameras that can film in the dark when most animals come to life, then it's is going to be very difficult to do and plan and you could end up with very little interesting footage by the end of it.                                                                                   
  3. Castle Market - In With the New, Out with the Old - I'm not from the Sheffield area so I don't know much about it but I've heard Castle market is closing and moving to a new site that is currently being built now. I thought with this subject we could find out about what the stall owners and customers think about this because obviously is been there a long time and is quite historic. I thought it would be good to maybe follow one person and do an intimate account on what it means to them and how they feel about moving and also people that share opposite views who think it's about time and it's been needed for a long time.                                                                                Inspiration for this came from a documentary I watched called 'Sound it Out' (2011, Jeanie Finlay) which I watched on BBC 4, about the last surviving record shop in Teeside and how it is still attracting a lot of customers despite the loss in popularity with vinyl records. The documentary involved interviews with the owners and customers of how passionate they felt about it and the fact that most record shops have gone but that one is still surviving - just. I liked how it was quite laid back but also a bit emotional at the same time because the customers would all have their little anecdotes to tell about hunting for records or something and it was quite sad to think that soon that may all be over. I also like the simple structure of it how they started with some facts and introducing the people that worked and went there, then once they were introduced it would re-visit the people and the stories they all had to tell which was where they begun to build the emotion and for each story or scene they would play a different track (obviously something they would sell at the store), then towards the end it went to a more sombre tone where people were just reflecting on the store and its future and then to end it there was a montage of all the different customers coming into the store and just going about their business and enjoying it while it was still there and I think this was quite a nice way to end it and show it's just the simple things in live that make people happy. The positives are I think potentially you could find out some interesting little stories about it and get some emotional views if people had worked there along time or something. The negatives are people who don't live in the Sheffield area would probably not care much about this so you're not reaching a broad audience also for example you might not find someone who's unhappy about it moving so then you can't make much of a story from it.                                                                                                                                                     
  4. Traffic Wardens, Public Enemy number 1 - This was just a quick idea I had because down my street one week I kept seeing parking tickets being put on the same car everyday until there was at least 5 on there and it made me think how much people hate them but you've never really seen things from their point of view like how they're just an ordinary person trying to do their job and make a living to feed their family etc so I had the idea it might be interesting to follow one for the week and hear their side of things. The positive of this is people might find it intriguing as they are so hated by most of the public so I think it could stir people emotions. The negatives are it would be hard to show much variety of footage to keep people engaged and it may be difficult to get theirs and the councils permission for something like that.



BBC Natural World - 'The Unnatural History of London' (2012)



After we'd voted for the ideas my Tango Man idea was voted in the top 3 and we all decided it would probably be the most feasible out of all the ideas to do, as long as we could get permission. Everyone seemed to like the idea, even the non-football fans which backed up what I thought about not having to like football to find this entertaining and interesting. I gave Paul the media office numbers for the football ground as I thought that would be a place to start to get their permission and also a way to try and contact Paul Gregory aka Tango Man. We're going to get onto this straight away and if it turns out we're not permitted then our second idea is Paul's which was about doing something on homeless ex-army soldiers and how they've been treated once they've left the army. The third top 3 idea was Luke's which was about the RSPCA and how they're getting too many animals to cope with and having to put them down.

As the director I told the group that I'd be happy to compromise on ideas as long as it's something I feel I could be passionate about otherwise I would find it difficult and it might not potentially be as good as it could be if I was interested in the subject. I am excited about doing the Tango Man documentary as I've already had ideas as how to film it, which I have already shared with the group and they seem happy too, but I understand we may not get permission so I am happy with our other main ideas as well and also many of the other ideas we had as well if it comes to it.

We are planning to meet up next on Tuesday 5th after our session at 1 to see if we've got anywhere with regards to permission and to talk about our back up subjects in more detail so it will be easy for us to pick up one of those instead if we have to. We also need to start planning our pitch and treatment which are both due in 19th Feb.

Friday, 1 February 2013

Examples of different types of Documentary



There are many different reasons and formats for documentaries, here is a list of the main subjects for a documentary:
  • Biographical Films - documenting a persons life (living or dead)
  • A well known event, usually a disaster
  • A concert or festival
  • A comedy show
  • A live performance (music, bands, play)
  • A sociological or ethnographic (dealing with human cultures, societies, anthropology)
  • An expose
  • Sports documentary
  • A compilation film (collected from governement sources)
  • A 'making of' film
  • An examination of a certain subject area like nature, WW2 etc
  • Spoof documentaries - mockumentary
  • docu-drama's/soaps
  • Reality TV - Fly on wall, observation
- Filmsite [Internet] http://www.filmsite.org/docfilms.html - Accessed 3/2/2013


As well as having different styles of documentary depending on the purpose there are also many different mediums that can be used to make up a documentary film, here are some of examples:

  • Can be made up of actual, real footage - actuality.
  • Narration/Voice of God - guiding the audience through and offering additional information.
  • Reconstructions - an event is re-filmed using different people, normally actors, to try and give an idea of what actually happened if no actual footage is available.
  • Re-enactment - when an event or something is done again using the same people as what it originally happened/was filmed with.
  • Archive footage or found footage - old footage, particularly used for historic documentaries.
  • Interviews - to get the peoples perspectives and feelings on things. These could either be with people who were actually there or the people the documentary is about or it could include interviews from professionals who know a lot about the subject.
  • CGI - computer generated images and graphics which can be used to maybe show something that isn't around now e.g dinosaurs.
  • Hidden camera footage - people don't know they're being filmed - good for expose's.
  • Photos - useful if no actual footage is available.

Thursday, 31 January 2013

Introduction into Documentary

In our first session we started looking at what is a documentary - how is it defined, what do they aim to do and what are they concerned with and also a brief history of documentary and some of the first non-fiction/documentary films.

Definitions of Documentary:

'Creative treatment of actuality' - John Grierson

'The art of record' - John corner

'A factual film which is dramatic' - Pare Lorentz

'Claiming the real' - Brian Winston


A documentary aims to:

- Presents facts, reality and truth - to be a documentary a film/programme should      
   always strive to bring an audience these things.
- Answer a question
- Create a portrait
- Interrogate or reflect a subject.
- Campaign - Maybe to try and change something for the better.
- Change or give a different perspective on something - if people weren't constantly   
   challenging views of others things would never move on or evolve.

Documentaries are concerned with: Truth, Objectivity (factual) and the Real.

Despite the fact this is what they're concerned with we were asked to discuss as a group -
 'A documentary maker is subjectively objective' 

We agreed with this statement as a group because a documentary maker maybe aiming to show us facts and facts alone but no matter how hard they try they will always be doing it from a biased point of view from the moment they decide what they're going to film even. 

Once filming begins other factors come into play as well like the director telling people what to film, what not to film and also what they miss and then you have what the camera man actually captures and is able to capture (you can never show everything - what happened before/after you started filming and what's happening outside the frame?) 
Once the production is filmed it then goes to post where it is edited and therefore certain bits are left in and other bits are cut out so at this point the crew are having a lot of control over what is going to be shown. 
Even with details such as colouring you could manipulate someone's opinion by using soft pale colours, or washed out grey tones - these are all giving out subconscious messages to the human brain, things we sometimes are not aware of but are built in and constantly having an effect on us. You also have the music and sound added over that which can also be used to effect the way people view something e.g. if the music is soft you might be trying to get the audience to like someone/thing or feel sorry for it, if it's quite dark and atmospheric they might be trying to manipulate the audience into thinking something is bad. 
Despite this I still believe that this is truth in a way because it is the film makers truth and at the end of the day it is probably near impossible for them to ever produce something that is totally unbiased truth or fact because of the limitations of the whole process itself.
Also I think everything in the world is viewed differently dependant on who's viewing it and something seen as truth to one person might be seen as complete rubbish to someone else. With so many different cultures, religions and beliefs people are never going to see things the same and it is impossible to cater to everyone. I also believe there are always two sides to every story.
I also think, what is truth or what is fact and do they even exist because things are in a constant state of change so nothing ever remains the same so in a way nothing can ever be right. Even with things like Science that people believe is a fact can also change as new ideas and things are discovered e.g. the world being flat. 
I don't believe this statement is a criticism of film makers because to achieve something that is not the least bit biased is just impossible. Truth is determined within the viewer.





A Brief History of Documentary


Documentaries have evolved a lot since 1985 when the Lumiere Brothers first filmed 'Workers Leaving the Lumiere Factory'. The first documentaries (pre 1900) were called 'actuality' films (as the term 'documentary had not yet been coined) and these films literally just showed what something was actually like so there was no real editing or anything just the camera pointing at and filming a certain subject or activity. So all workers leaving a factory consisted off were single-shots of people leaving their work factory. Today many documentaries seem to be much more narrative based and critics might argue that people and filmmakers seem to be more concerned with creating a story, drama or entertainment rather than something that's true and objective, this is something that is widely debated though.


 
Lumiere Brothers (1985, Workers Leaving the    
Lumiere Factory)



Dziga Vertov

'Our eyes see very little and very badly – so people dreamed up the microscope to let them see invisible phenomena; they invented the telescope…now they have perfected the cinecamera to penetrate more deeply into he visible world, to explore and record visual phenomena so that what is happening now, which will have to be taken account of in the future, is not forgotten.'
—Provisional Instructions to Kino-Eye Groups, Dziga Vertov, 1926 
  • In 1918 Vertov was hired by the Moscow Film Committee to be an assistant in their newsreel section.
  • His job was to edit the documentary footage but soon after he was appointed editor of the first Soviet weekly newsreel called Kinonedelya.
  • As a director his first film was 'The Anniversary of the Revolution' (1919) but the film he is most known for is 'Man with A Movie Camera' (1929)
  • Vertov was also one of the pioneers of montage and was always '...playing with the possibilities of expressive film editing...' 'He started assembling clips of film without regard for formal continuty, time or even logic itself to achieve a 'poetic' effect which would grab the viewers.'
  • In 1919 Vertov along with his wife and other film makers created a group called Kinoks ('kino-oki' which stood for cinema-eyes)
  • They believed that future cinema should be about facts and they produced newsreels that recorded the real world. They also rejected 'staged' cinema as they wanted to show real people and real life's and events not stars, studios, props and plots/storylines.
  • Camera is the kino-eye
  • He directed 23 newsreels between 1922-1925 and these were called Kino-Pravda (Film-truth)
  • His 'films represented an intricate blend of art and political and poetic rhetoric'
  • He wanted to reflect his poetic vision Soviet reality in hs work
  • "The film drama is the Opium of the people…down with Bourgeois fairy-tale scenarios…long live life as it is!" - Vertov



    Source - Senes Of Cinema [Internet] - http://sensesofcinema.com/2003/great-directors/vertov/ - Accessed 11/2/2013 


 Kino-Pravda 1 (Vertov, 1922)


The Man with a Movie Camera (1929, USSR)

Film Director & Editor: Dziga Vertov


'At the end of the decade, this influential and creative avante-garde film from experimental cameraman/director Dziga Vertov employed some of the first uses of the split screen, montage editing, extreme close-ups, and rapidly-filmed scenes in its view of Moscow and other cities.
Every modern movie convention was demonstrated in this film, as it showed the roles of the cameraman and the editor in the creation of a film during one day.
It was an excellent example of a "city symphony" documentary. Regarded as "pure" visual cinema, its views of Moscow, Kiev, Odessa and of Soviet workers and machines contained radical editing techniques, special visual effects, wild juxtapositions of images, freeze frames and double exposures.'

Source -Filmsite [Internet] - http://www.filmsite.org/bestfilmediting3.html - Accessed 10/2/2013



'Man With A Movie Camera' (Vertov, 1929)

Man with a movie camera was a modern take on everyday life in cities from Moscow to Ukraine. t was made up of random shots taken from the cities and in it Vertov also experimented with a lot of new ways of film editing like montage, split screen and fast paced cuts. He was also innovative with his camera shots (close-ups) and angles as he liked to try out unconventional camera angles which was a way of trying to portray to the audience everyday things in a more interesting and unique way and as they'd never been seen before. This poetic portrait of Russia was also an early example of what we now know to be a reflexive mode of documentary because in many parts of the film you can see a camera or camera lens/shutter in the shot. This self-reflective way of making a film was so that the viewer could identify themselves with the process of film making and also show to the audience that this was a documentary and this is how it is filmed - the film maker is not trying to hide anything from them. Vertov was also a firm believer of the Direct cinema way of filming and simply just liked to observe and film things as they were, and he favoured using light handheld cameras so he could go as unnoticed as possible and travel about quicker and easier. He thought if you disturbed life or intervened then that would be falsifying it. 


Thirty years after his time it became possible to apply Vertov’s injunctions without any loss between the idea—to film everything, record everything, to be in life without disturbing or falsifying it—and its realisation. (Vertov had been restricted to filming public manifestations, crowds, ceremonies, etc and was unable to seize everyday life because his equipment could not pass unnoticed).
—J-L Comolli in Cahiers du cinĂ©ma, nos 209, 211

Robert Flaherty - Nanook of The North


Nanook of The North (1922, Robert J. Flaherty) is said to be the first non-fiction feature length film (slightly before the term documentary was first coined in 1926) that was classed as a documentary in modern terms, after the 'actuality' films that came before this. 
It is a silent film that tells the story of Inuit Nanook and his family as they struggle to survive in the harsh conditions of Hudson Bay.  Despite this film was ground breaking it was criticised by something as not being a true 'documentary' because Flaherty lost a lot of his original footage in a fire and he went back to re-film what he'd lost getting Nanook to re-enact the parts.  He was also accused of faking it because he got Nanook to do things for the sake of making him look more different and interesting to 'normal' people for example the way he hunted, for the film Flaherty asked them to use harpoons rather than rifles. The Inuit's had by now actually adopted many western ways of living but Flaherty encouraged them to live in the more traditional ways of the Inuit.

                                     

British Documentary Movemement







Some questions to ask yourself and think about before making a documentary:

  • What makes you angry?
  • What are you passionate about?
  • What do you want to change?
  • What do you really care about?